Other causes
soaA few types of cancer in non-humans have been found to be caused by the tumor cells themselves. This phenomenon is seen in dogs with Sticker's sarcoma, also known as canine transmissible venereal tumor[31], as well as Devil facial tumour disease in Tasmanian devils. The closest known analogue to this in humans is individuals who have developed cancer from transplacental transmission or from organ transplants.
In the United States every year, approximately 3,500 pregnant women have a malignancy, and transplacental transmission of acute leukaemia, lymphoma, melanoma and carcinoma from mother to fetus has been observed. [32]
The development of donor-derived tumors from organ transplants is exceedingly rare. The main cause of organ transplant associated tumors seems to be malignant melanoma, that was undetected at the time of organ harvest. [33]
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